Article 0. PREAMBLE

These Bylaws approved at Giens General Meeting, 5^th October 1992, invalidate the previous Bylaws approved at Victoria, 22 July 1986.

Article I. NAME

The name of the Society shall be the International Basal Ganglia Society to be abbreviated to IBAGS.

Article II. PURPOSE

The purpose of the Society shall be:

Section 1. Advance the understanding of the structure and function of the normal and diseased basal ganglia;

Section 2. bring together researchers from all countries and from various scientific disciplines working in the field of basal ganglia;

Section 3. inform the general public of results and implications of current research in this area.

Article III. LANGUAGE

English shall be the official language of the Society.

Article IV. MEMBERSHIP

Section 1. Members. The Society shall consist of four classes of Members: Regular, Honorary, Emeritus and Student. Council shall have final responsibility for approval or disapproval of all applications for membership.

Section 2. Regular Members. Any scientist from any country who has done research relating to the basal ganglia and associated structures is eligible to apply for Regular Membership. An application must be accompanied by a short curriculum vitae and must be supported in writing by at least one Emeritus or Regular Member of the Society. The application must be sent to the Secretary or to the President. The name of the candidate and of the supporter shall be placed on a list to be submitted to the Councillors for their mail vote. The candidate shall be elected to membership unless at least two Members of the Council cross the name from the list and give reasons for the rejection. The candidate shall be notified by mail of the acceptance, and membership shall become effective on receipt of the triennial dues by the Treasurer.

Section 3. Honorary Members. After a nomination by council, the general meeting may elect IBAGS members or non-members as Honorary Members in recognition of their outstanding contributions towards the advancement of the purposes of the Society. Honorary Members shall have all the privileges of Regular Members, except for voting and holding office.

Section 4. Emeritus Members. A Regular Member may become an Emeritus Member upon retirement by submitting written notification to the Secretary of the Society. Emeritus Members shall have all the privileges of Regular Members including voting rights, but not be eligible for office.

Section 5. Student Members. Students enrolled in doctoral programmes at degree-granting institutions in all countries of the world are eligible for Student Membership. The procedure shall be the same as the Regular Members. Student Membership shall terminate at the end of the first membership year in which the student becomes eligible for regular membership after completing or otherwise leaving the doctoral programme.

Section 6. Eligibility to vote and hold office. Only Regular and Emeritus Members are eligible to vote. Only Regular Members may hold office.

Section 7. Dues and Assessments. Council shall set triennial dues and special assessments to the Regular Members according to the needs of the Society. Triennium shall be the period separating two consecutive general meetings. The membership stops fifteen days before the registrations deadline of the following general meeting, unless dues and assessments for the next triennium have been paid. The treasurer shall ask Members to pay their dues and assessments during the period of six months to fifteen days before the registration deadline of the next general meeting. Emeritus Members shall pay a reduced Membership fee as determined by Council. Honorary and Student Members shall not pay dues or assessments. All but Honorary Members shall pay normal registrations fees for Triennial Meetings. Non members shall pay a higher registration fee to be determined by the organizing committee and approved by Council.

Section 8. Penalty for non-payment of dues and assessments. A Member who has not paid triennial dues and assessments at least fifteen days before the registrations deadline of the next meeting will cease to be a Member. Reinstatement of Membership require a new application.

Section 9. Duration of Membership. Any Member may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Secretary of the Society. Otherwise membership shall continue indefinitely as long as dues and assessments are paid in due time. Otherwise membership ceases and reinstatements shall require a new application and consideration. In extraordinary circumstances Council may expel from the Society a Member whose actions are counter to the purposes of the Society. The said Member shall be given written notice of expulsion with the reasons stated therein, and shall have the right to appeal to Council.

Article V. MEETINGS

Section 1. General Meeting. The Society Membership shall meet once in three years (triennial meeting). Before the general meeting, the Council shall select by simple plurality of votes the country which will be the venue for the triennial meeting after the next, as well nominate the President-elect and the Secretary-elect, who shall be resident of that country (see Article VI, Sections 3 & 4).

Section 2. Organisation of the General Meeting. General meetings shall have a single scientific programme with no parallel sessions. Scientific and social events should be held in the same place in order to encourage interpersonal communication. Poster sessions shall be given the same status as platform presentations with no parallel sessions, and shall be followed by a session for poster discussion.

Section 3. Conduct of Business. The business of the Society shall be transacted at the Business Meeting which shall be held during the General Meeting. Special meeting of the membership may be cancelled by the President in consultations with Council.

Section 4. Notice of Meetings. The Secretary or the President of the Society shall give notice of the General Meeting and any special meetings of the membership as a whole by mailing to each member a notice stating the place, day and time of the meeting and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose for which the meeting is called. Notice of a special meeting shall be mailed not less than thirty days before the date of such a meeting.

Article VI. OFFICERS

Section 1. The Presidential Officers (President, Past-President, President-Elect). The

President shall be the chief executive officer of the Society, shall preside at meetings of Council and Business Meeting of the Society, shall be responsible for executing policies determined by Council, shall act as spokesperson for the Society, and shall see that all Orders and Resolutions of Council are carried into effect. The President, assisted by the Secretary, is the organiser of the next meeting of the Society. The Past-President and the President-Elect shall assist the President when necessary. The Past-President shall take precedence over the President-Elect in substituting for the President. All officers are required to be Regular Members of the Society.

Section 2. Nomination of Officers. Candidates for Office shall be prepared from the roll of Regular Members and nominated by Council by simple majority of votes.

Section 3. Election and Succession of Presidential Officers. Candidates for the President-Elect shall be nominated by Council by simple majority of votes and the election of the President-Elect decided by a vote during a general meeting by a simple majority of votes of Regular Members. The next President-Elect shall be resident of a nation selected to be the seat of the meeting following the next triennial meeting. The former President-Elect shall assume office as President at the conclusion of the General Meeting. At the same time that the President-Elect becomes President, the previous President shall become Past-President. Former Presidential Officers shall not be eligible for re-election.

Section 4. The Secretary. The Secretary shall assist in carrying out the functions of the Society under the direction of Council. The Secretary shall assist the President, particularly in the organisation of the next meeting, shall be responsible for the minutes of all Council meeting the General Business Meeting, and any special meetings. The Secretary shall have signatory powers and jointly with the President shall maintain and have custody of the records of the Society. The Secretary-Elect shall be nominated by Council and elected at the General Meeting following the same procedures as for the nomination and election of the President Elect and shall be a member of Council. The Secretary shall preferably be a resident of the nation selected to be the seat of the next meeting. The Secretary, or the President, shall be responsible for mailing any postal ballots. Such ballots shall be retained and available for examination by the membership for six months after each election. The Secretary shall not be eligible for re-election.

Section 5. The Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be responsible for all monies and valuable effects in the name and the credit of the Society, and for full and accurate accounting of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Society. The Treasurer shall have signatory powers and shall disburse the funds of the Society as may be ordered by Council. The Treasurer shall render to the President and the Council at its regular meetings, or when council so requires, an account of the financial transactions and status of the Society. The Treasurer shall be nominated by Council and elected using the same procedures as for electing the President-Elect. The Treasurer may be eligible for re-election for only one addition triennium.

Section 6. Voting. Officers shall be nominated by Council and elected at the Business Meeting by a simple majority of votes. The Regular and Emeritus Members shall be entitled to cast one voted for each designated position.

Section 7. Vacancies. Should the office of President become vacant, the Secretary (or another Regular member of the same country whom the Secretary many deem appropriate) shall become President after a simple majority vote by Council. Should the office of Secretary become vacant a new Secretary shall be nominated by the President and voted by Council by simple majority of votes. Should the position of President-Elect become vacant a replacement shall be elected by the same procedure with a corresponding possible change in venue. In the event the office of Treasurer becomes vacant, Council shall elect a new Treasurer for the remainder of the period by majority vote.

Section 8. Removal from Office. An Officer who is found to carry out the duties of office in a manner counter to the interests of the Society may be removed from the office by written vote of seven of the thirteen members of Council.

Article VII. COUNCIL

Section 1. Council. The Council shall be the governing body of the Society. It shall consist of eight elected Councillors and the President, President-Elect, Past President, Treasurer, Secretary and Secretary-Elect. Each member of the Council shall be entitle to one vote, except the presiding Officer who shall vote only in the case of a tie.

Section 2. Quorum. A quorum of Council shall consist of seven of the fourteen Members.

Section 3. Meetings. Council shall meet before the Triennial Business Meeting, and at other times and places as it deems necessary. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Council may be taken without a meeting if all Members of the specific action by a majority of written votes. Such consent shall have the same force and effect as a vote of the Council. The Council acting as the nominating committee of the Society, votes on a list of candidates for Society Membership according to the procedures described in Article IV. The Council votes on the nomination of the President-Elect and Secretary-Elect. By unanimous vote the Council can specify the practical interpretation of the Bylaws.

Section 4. Nomination of Councillors. Councillors ordinarily should be elected for a single three-year term. However up to three past Councillors (or two and the past Secretary) may be elected to serve no more than one further single term. Council shall nominate a slate of candidates indicating the Councillors proposed for re-election and the new candidates. The purposed slate should reflect a balance among the major geographic regions and disciplines. No more than two Councillors can be resident of the same country. In the national representation, the proposed slate should take care of the fact the President and Secretarial officers as well as the Treasurer are Members of the Council with voting rights. Additional candidates for Council may be nominated and seconded by Regular or Emeritus Members.

Section 5. Election of Councillors. Councillors shall be elected at the Triennial General Meetings by secret ballot. The slate of candidates shall be nominated as in Section 4. Councillors shall be elected by a simple majority of votes cast at the Meeting. Returning Officers shall be appointed by Council to conduct the election, and shall be responsible for issuing papers, counting votes, arranging scrutineers if requires and reporting results to Council at the Meeting. Newly elected Councillors are required to be Regular Members of the Society in good standing.

Section 6. Vacancies. All vacancies in Councillors positions shall be filled by nomination by the President from the list of Regular Members and election by Council by simple majority of votes.

Section 7. Removal from Office. A Councillor who is found to carry out the duties of office in a manner counter to the interested of the Society may be removed from office by written vote of seven of the Member of Council.

Article VIII COMMITTEES

Section 1. Formation. Council may appoint committees to act for Council for special purposes, designating their duties and powers in the resolution of appointment. Such resolution may be adopted by a majority of the Councillors in Office. The President, with the approval of the Council, may also appoint special committees, designating the Members and Chairpersons, as well as the function of these committees. Unless reappointed by the incoming President, such special committees shall cease to function upon the conclusion of the term of the President who appointed them.

Article IX. PUBLICATIONS

Section 1. Publication. The Society, at the direction of the Council, may arrange for publication of the proceedings of the General Meeting in any form.

Article X. FISCAL YEAR

Section 1. Period. The fiscal year of the Society shall be the calendar year commencing on the 1^st day of January and ending on the 31st day of the following December.

Section 2. Treasurer’s Report. A report of the fiscal state of the Society shall be made by the Treasurer to the President annually and at the General Business Meeting and whenever requested by Council.

Article XI. AMENDMENTS

On resolution by majority of the Council or by written proposal signed by not less than a majority of Regular Members, these Bylaws may be amended by a simple majority of votes cast at the General Business Meeting of the Society. Changes in the Bylaws shall go into effect following their adoption at the General Business Meeting of the Society.

Article XII. DISSOLUTION

In the event of the dissolution or termination of the Society, title to the possession of all the property of the incorporated Society shall pass forthwith to such organisation or organisations qualified for exemption under Section 501 (c) (3) of the United States International Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, or its equivalent, that in the opinion of the Council is, or are best fitted to carry on the purposes of the International Basal Ganglia Society.